MGT502 TODAYS PAPER 2010

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which one of the following is not considered as a part of organizational output?

► Finished goods
► Services
► Dividends
► Capital

Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is not one of the types of attitude?

► Job satisfaction
► Job Involvement
► Organizational Behavior
► Organizational commitment

Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT included in the ways employees can express dissatisfaction?

► Exit
► Voice
► Loyalty
► Noise

Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which dimension of the Big Five model refers to be pleasant and accommodating in social situations?

► Extroversion
► Openness to experience
► Emotional stability
► Agreeableness

Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT a key component of emotional intelligence?
► Self-awareness
► Self-management
► Commitment
► Empathy

Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What effect does stress typically have on mood?

► Positive
► Negative
► Unbiased
► No effect

Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
It is not possible for Mr. Asim to understand everything he sees, he notices a few of the things, we can say that he engages in:

► Assimilating
► Selective perception
► Halo Effect
► Target Perception

Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The most well-known theory of motivation is Abraham Maslow’s _______________.

► Theories x and y
► Hierarchy of needs
► Goal setting theory
► Equity theory

Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Our intrinsic desire for personal development is included in Alderfer’s _____________ needs.

► Existence
► Relatedness
► Esteem
► Growth

Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT an important issue relating to goal-setting theory?

► Defining the goal
► Goal difficulty
► Goal specificity
► Equity among co-workers

Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What sort of plan is a company-established benefit plan where employees acquire stock as part of their benefits?

► MBO program
► Gain sharing plan
► Employee stock ownership plan
► Piece-rate plan

Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What happens in the second stage of group development?

► Close relationships are developed
► The group demonstrates cohesiveness
► Intra-group conflict often occurs
► The job task is performed

Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is one of the drawbacks of group decision making?

► More knowledge through pooling of group resources
► More amount of time is required to make a decision
► Increased acceptance & commitment due to voice in decisions
► Greater understanding due to involvement in decision stages

Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is traditionally followed by the formal channels of communication within an organization?

► Authority chain
► Influence chain
► Transmission chain
► Social chain

Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Clarification to employees about how well they are doing, and what can be done to improve performance, are examples of which function of communication?

► Information
► Control
► Motivation
► Emotional expression

Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The _____ network best serves to promote high member satisfaction.

► Direct
► Circle
► Wheel
► All-channel

Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A communication channel with greater channel richness is most likely to provide:

► Greater feedback density
► Greater filtering capability
► Greater perceptual wellness
► Larger amounts of information

Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The study of organizational behavior is primarily concerned with all of the following dynamics in organizations EXCEPT:

► Interpersonal
► Behavioral
► Astrology
► Psychosocial

Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
How do proponents of reinforcement theory view behavior?

► As a product of heredity
► As a function of one’s power need
► As the result of a cognitive process
► As environmentally caused

Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is true for the people who adopt a thinking style based on logics and rationality?

► They process information serially
► They perceive things as a whole
► They perceive things on the basis of past experiences
► Their decisions depend upon situation

Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Sheraz wants to become a surgeon, not only because achieving this goal will give him self-respect and autonomy, but also because he wants a job with high status and recognition from others. Which of Maslow’s needs is Sheraz trying to meet?

► Self-actualization
► Social
► Esteem
► Safety

Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Teams are very useful in which of the following situations?

► The work to be performed is very basic
► The tasks are interrelated
► No one wants to be accountable
► The group is homogeneous

Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All of the following are studied in Organizational Behavior, EXCEPT
► Human behaviors in organizations
► International trade laws
► Organizational culture
► The relationship between people and organizations

Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following behavior of an individual makes a positive contribution to an organization?
► Motivational behavior
► Performance behavior
► Organizational citizenship
► Perceptive contribution

Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
CEO of a computer manufacturing organization rewards his employees with computers, vacations or bonuses for meeting personal or organizational goal. He is practicing which of the following method of shaping behavior?
► Positive reinforcement
► Negative reinforcement
► Punishment
► Extinction

Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The suspension of a construction employee for one day without pay for not wearing hard hat when instructed strictly, is an example of which of the following method of shaping behavior?
► Negative reinforcement
► Punishment
► Extinction
► Positive reinforcement

Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The founder of TL Corporation has to face many difficulties while establishing his company even banks were not ready to grant loan. But he showed persistence and after four years he was able to generate finance by the mortgage of his own house. He was exhibiting which of the following personality trait of Big Five Personality Model?
► Agreeableness
► Emotional Stability
► Conscientiousness
► Extroversion

Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Mr. Ahmed started his career as a clerk, now after 6 years of hard work he has earned the position of finance manager. He believes that all his success is because of his own hard work and devotion. Ahmed has:
► Self-efficacy
► Internal locus of control
► Emotional intelligence
► High self-esteem

Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is an example of positive emotions?
► Anger
► Sadness
► Pride
► Disgust

Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which one of the following set of skills is best representing the required competencies of managers?
► Technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills
► Leading skills, motivational skills and human skills
► Organizing skills, interpersonal skills and leading skills
► Motivating skills, intrapersonal skills and conceptual skills

Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The rational decision-making approach assumes that decision makers:
► Have complete information
► Are motivated by greed
► Are often distracted by the environment
► Are subjective

Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Mr. Ahmad is HR manager in an organization. He has ten employees who directly report to him. They are the part of which of the following group?
► Command group
► Task group
► Friendship group
► Interest group

Question No: 33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is a structured approach to decision making that focuses on generating alternatives silently, prevents criticism of alternatives, and uses a voting process to identify group choices?
► Devil's advocacy
► The Delphi technique
► Dialectical inquiry
► The nominal group

Question No: 34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following determines requirements of organization conversion process?
► Machinery, computers and human skills
► Raw material and capital
► Finished products and services
► HR and information system

Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 )
Discuss when formal leadership may not be that important?

Question No: 36 ( Marks: 5 )
List and explain different barriers to effective communication.

Question No: 37 ( Marks: 5 )
It is argued that most of the time managers use rational decision making model when risk is high. Do you agree with this statement or not? Give logical reasons to support your answer.

MIDTERM EXAMINATION
Spring 2010
MGT502- Organizational Behaviour (Session - 5)
Ref No:
Time: 60 min
Marks: 47
Student Info
StudentID:
Center: OPKST
ExamDate: 5/26/2010 12:00:00 AM

For Teacher's Use Only
Q No. 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 Total
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Q No. 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16
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Q No. 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24
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Q No. 25 26 27 28 29 30 31 32
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Q No. 33 34 35 36 37
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Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Ali migrated from Pakistan to a foreign country. He is disorientated by the country’s customs and has difficulty in adapting it. He also feels homesickness. What is Ali experiencing?

► Culture shock
► Foreign culture
► Alien culture
► Adventure

Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Last year, Ali had taken lunch at a fast food restaurant that caused him food poisoning. Now whenever he passes by the restaurant, he feels nauseous. This is an example of which of the following learning theory?

► Classical conditioning
► Social learning
► Operant conditioning
► Reinforcement theory

Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Faizan, a supervisor, has to choose between two different suggestions offered by employees about work schedule. Which one of the following will be most suitable for Faizan?

► Inductive reasoning
► Spatial visualization
► Deductive reasoning
► Perception

Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT a component of attitude?

► Cognition
► Affect
► Behavior
► Myths

Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Individuals having an intense desire to achieve, are extremely competitive, have a sense of urgency, are impatient and can be hostile, are called:

► Self Monitoring
► Self Esteemed
► Type A personality
► Type B personality

Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statements is TRUE for affetc?

► Affect is a type of emotion and religion
► Affect is a type of mood and environment
► Affect can be a mood or an emotion
► Affect is the result of conscious thought

Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
How is the satisficing decision maker best characterized?
► As using rationality
► As using bounded rationality
► As using creativity
► As relying on others to make decisions

Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When people tend to use intuitive decision making?

► When a high level of uncertainty exists
► When facts and figures are available
► When programmed decions are made
► When there is no time constraint

Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statement is true regarding “analytical decision making style”?

► Tries to avoid conflict and seek acceptance
► Provides creative solution to the problems
► Uses minimum information
► Takes little time in making decisions

Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Hunger, thirst, sex, pay, and physical work environment are examples of which of Alderfer’s needs?

► Existence
► Safety
► Growth
► Physiological

Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
How would a theory X manager view employees?

► Seeking responsibility
► Needing to be coerced to achieve goals
► Viewing work as a normal daily activity
► Exercising self control

Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What sort of plan is a company-established benefit plan where employees acquire stock as part of their benefits?

► MBO program
► Gain sharing plan
► Employee stock ownership plan
► Piece-rate plan

Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is true about virtual teams?

► There is an absence of verbal cues
► There is limited social context
► People collaborate online
► All of the given options

Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What result does groupshift have on the decisions a group makes?

► They are less effective
► They are generally riskier
► They are made more quickly
► They are objectively incorrect

Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statement best defines leadership?

► Implementing the strategy provided by management
► Least concerned in bringing organizational change
► Coordinating and handling day-to-day problems
► The ability to influence a group in goal achievement

Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In the communication process, which of the following steps occurs first?

► Transmitting
► Decoding
► Encoding
► Understanding

Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
All of the following are examples of nonverbal communication EXCEPT:

► Instant messaging
► Physical distance
► Facial expressions
► Hand gestures

Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following types of networks is most likely to promote accuracy?

► Chain
► Direct
► Horizontal
► All-channel

Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Ali is an employee in a company. He expresses his dissatisfaction by discussing the problem with the superiors, suggests improvements and involves the unions in problem solving, He expresses his dissatisfaction in which of the following ways?

► Exit
► Voice
► Loyalty
► Neglect

Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The relatively stable set of psychological attributes that distinguishes one person from another is called _______.

► Attitude
► Personality
► Perception
► Mind-set

Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which emotions are the emotions an individual actually is experiencing, despite what they might apparently show?

► Felt
► Displayed
► Conditional
► Exposed

Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
According to McClelland, what is the need to make others behave in a way that they would not have behaved otherwise?

► The need for power
► The need for achievement
► The need for affiliation
► The need for control

Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is the major source of change affecting large number of organizations today?

► Corporate governance
► Globalization
► Business ethics
► Cultural change

Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is the ability to correctly perceive, evaluate, express and regulate emotions and feelings?

► Emotional Intelligence
► Mental Ability
► Physical Ability
► Memory Ability

Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Mr. Imran has the ability to understand the emotional makeup of other people. He is exhibiting which of the following components of emotional intelligence?
► Self-awareness
► Empathy
► Handling relationship
► Managing emotions

Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The process of managing emotions with organizationally desired emotions exhibit which of the following concept?



► Emotional frustration
► Emotional contagion
► Emotional labor
► Emotional conflict

Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following stage of perceptual process model involves noticing some of the information available to the person and filtering out the rest?

► Interpretation
► Organization
► Selective attention
► Judgment

Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which one of the following set of skills is best representing the required competencies of managers?

► Technical skills, human skills and conceptual skills
► Leading skills, motivational skills and human skills
► Organizing skills, interpersonal skills and leading skills
► Motivating skills, intrapersonal skills and conceptual skills

Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Mr. Ali is a top level manager at ABC Corporation. He has achieved everything he desired in his life. The only thing he misses is the relationships. At this point of career he really needs warm friendships. Identify the need of Mr. Ali.
► Need for achievement
► Need for affiliation
► Need for power
► Need for motivation

Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Mr. kashif is the member of a team who voluntarily meet and discuss different issues like how the quality of products be improved, what possible changes can be made to improve working conditions etc. Mr. Kashif is the member of which of the following team?
► Self-Managed team
► Problem solving team
► Cross functional team
► Virtual team

Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Mr. Usman is the part of the team whose members takes the responsibility for their work, monitor their own performance and alter their behaviors when required to solve a problem. Usman is the member of which of the following team?

► Self-Managed team
► Problem solving team
► Cross functional team
► Virtual team

Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is a technique that is valuable in its ability to generate a number of independent judgments without the requirement of a face-to-face meeting?

► The nominal group technique
► Dialectical inquiry
► Brainstorming
► The Delphi technique

Question No: 33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A person or a group with a direct or indirect interest or involvement in organization and who is highly affected by the operations of the organization is called _______.

► Shareholder
► Stakeholder
► Stockholder
► Patron

Question No: 34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Who proposed that there are three major relevant motives, or needs, in the workplace?


► McClelland
► McGregor
► Herzberg
► Maslow

Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 )
What are the major strengths of today’s advanced means of communication as compared to the traditional means in past?

• More knowledge.
• Multiple choices.
• Can share more in shorter time.
• Everything became almost instant. (SMS, Internet connectivity, cellular phone technology, Wi-Fi and other technologies).
Question No: 36 ( Marks: 5 )
Identify and explain the two dimensions of leadership described in the Ohio State studies.

Following two dimensions of leadership behaviours were discovered in Ohio State studies:

1-Initiating
2- Consideration


1. Consideration: leaders emphasized interpersonal relations. They give trust, respect and friendship to their followers.

2. Initiating Structure: leader assure that work has been competed and employees have done their jobs and duties. In this planning, setting goals, motivating them and coaching them are included.


Question No: 37 ( Marks: 5 )
Motivation is based on the perception of equity and fairness. Do you agree with the statement or not? Discuss it in the light of Equity theory.
Motivation is based on the worker’s perception of the work situation.

Yes i am fully agreed to this statement.

Equity occurs when an individual’s outcome/input ratio equals that of the referent. Because the comparison of these ratios (rather than absolute levels) determines whether equity is perceived, equity can exist if the referent receives more than the person making the comparison. When workers perceive ratios to be equal, they are motivated to maintain the status quo or increase inputs to receive greater outcomes.
Unequal ratios result in tension and a desire to restore equity. Overpayment inequity occurs when an individual perceives his/her outcome/input ratio is greater than the referent’s. Underpayment inequity occurs when the individual perceives his/her ratio is less than the referent’s. In either case, the individual is motivated to restore equity, according to equity theory.

Unequal ratios create tension inside the worker, and the worker is motivated to restore equity. When the ratios are equal, workers are motivated to maintain their current ratio of outcomes and inputs if they want their outcomes to increase

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Mr. Hussain is a salesperson. He remembers the names of his customers easily because he is able to retain and recall past experience. He is able in which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability?

► Memory

► Number Aptitude

► Deductive Reasoning

► Perceptual speed



Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Last year, Ali had taken lunch at a fast food restaurant that caused him food poisoning. Now whenever he passes by the restaurant, he feels nauseous. This is an example of which of the following learning theory?

► Classical conditioning

► Social learning

► Operant conditioning

► Reinforcement theory



Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Advertisements are directed at changing a person's:

► Attitude

► Value

► Ethics

► Custom



Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Which of the following lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation because they influence our perceptions?

► Moods

► Behaviors

► Values

► Customs



Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Which of the following statements is NOT true about the difference between men and women when it comes to emotional reactions?

► Women show greater emotional expression

► Men express emotions more intensely

► Men express anger more frequently

► Women may have a greater need for social approval



Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Which of the following is NOT an important issue relating to goal-setting theory?

► Defining the goal

► Goal difficulty

► Goal specificity

► Equity among co-workers



Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Which of the following is NOT a comparison an employee can use in equity theory?

► Self-inside

► Self-goal

► Other-outside

► Self-outside



Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Two-factor theory suggests that dissatisfaction is caused by extrinsic factors. Which of the following is an example of such a factor?

► Advancement

► Working condition

► Achievement

► Recognition



Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Which of the following is a direct monetary incentive given by the organizations to its employees?

► Promotion

► Gain sharing

► Flexible work hours

► Appreciation certificate



Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. When the group energy is focused on the task at hand, the group has moved to the _____________ stage.

► Storming

► Norming

► Maturation

► Performing



Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Which of the following statement best defines leadership?

► Implementing the strategy provided by management

► Least concerned in bringing organizational change

► Coordinating and handling day-to-day problems

► The ability to influence a group in goal achievement



Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. According to the Ohio State studies, the extent to which a leader's behavior is directed toward getting the job done is called:

► Initiating structure

► Consideration

► Maximization

► Path-goal



Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. According to the University of Michigan studies, which of the following is used to define a leader who takes personal interest in the needs of his/her subordinates?

► Situation-oriented

► Employee-oriented

► Production- oriented

► Task-oriented



Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Suggestion boxes, employee attitude surveys, and grievance procedures are examples of:

► Downward communication

► Horizontal communication

► Upward communication

► Lateral communication



Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Which of the following is the most effective communication network for facilitating the emergence of a leader?

► Chain

► All-channel

► Wheel

► Direct



Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Asad telephones his employee, Usman, to let him know that today's meeting has been moved to one o'clock. In the communication process, Asad is:

► The sender

► The receiver

► The channel

► The encoder



Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Which one of the following statement is NOT true regarding the relationship between age and job performance?

► Older workers bring to their job: experience, judgment and strong work ethics

► Older workers have more commitment to quality

► Older workers are perceived as flexible and welcome new technologies

► Older workers are perceived as lacking flexibility and resistant to new technologies



Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant is called _________.

► Positive reinforcement

► Extinction

► Negative reinforcement

► Punishment



Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Which emotions are the emotions an individual actually is experiencing, despite what they might apparently show?

► Felt

► Displayed

► Conditional

► Exposed



Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Which of the following is least accurate about Ohio-State Study?

► High-high styles sometimes had negative relationship

► High-high leaders generally had superior subordinate performance

► High initiating structure is positively related to grievances

► High consideration is positively related to manager's evaluation



Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Organizations that do not pay attention to diversity may face all of the following problems, Except:

► Lower productivity

► Increased tensions among workers

► Decreased turnover

► Increased complaints



Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. CEO of a computer manufacturing organization rewards his employees with computers, vacations or bonuses for meeting personal or organizational goal. He is practicing which of the following method of shaping behavior?

► OLE_LINK6OLE_LINK7OLE_LINK6OLE_LINK7Positive reinforcement

► Negative reinforcement

► Punishment

► Extinction



Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. The suspension of a construction employee for one day without pay for not wearing hard hat when instructed strictly, is an example of which of the following method of shaping behavior?

► Negative reinforcement

► Punishment

► Extinction

► Positive reinforcement



Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Action of a person consistent with one's personal values and the commonly held values of the organization and society is called which of the following behavior?

► Legal behavior

► Ethical behavior

► Cognitive behavior

► Loyal behavior



Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Which of the following component of an attitude includes beliefs, opinions and information that a person has about the object he observed?

► Affective

► Behavioral

► Cognitive

► Terminal



Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. The founder of TL Corporation has to face many difficulties while establishing his company even banks were not ready to grant loan. But he showed persistence and after four years he was able to generate finance by the mortgage of his own house. He was exhibiting which of the following personality trait of Big Five Personality Model?

► Agreeableness

► Emotional Stability

► Conscientiousness

► Extroversion



Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Which of the following is an example of positive emotions?

► Anger

► Sadness

► Pride

► Disgust



Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Which of the following is the study of social system such as families, occupational classes and organizations ?

► Psychology

► Sociology

► Anthropology

► Social Psychology



Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. In an interview, the interviewer's first impression of the interviewee (or target) is likely to be based upon:


► Nonverbal cues of the target

► Verbal communication by the target

► The intentions of the target

► The target's physical appearance



Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. The rational decision-making approach assumes that decision makers:




► Have complete information

► Are motivated by greed

► Are often distracted by the environment

► Are subjective



Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. In decision making process when managers define their limits and make their decision within the limits, it is called:

► Bounded rationality

► Optimal decision making

► Intuitive decision making

► Rational decision making



Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. People with which of the following decision making style work well with others and enjoy social interactions?


► Behavioral

► Directive

► Analytical

► Conceptual



Question No: 33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. Mr. Zia is directly involved in the production of the automobiles. He is facing low motivation due to repetitive tasks. His manager changes his responsibilities and now he has to perform different tasks. His motivation has increased because of which of the following strategy?

► Job enrichment

► Job enlargement

► Job sharing

► Job rotation



Question No: 34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one

Your browser may not support display of this image. All of the following are examples of downward communication flow EXCEPT:

► Managers informing employees of procedures

► Managers pointing out problems that need attention

► Employees completing attitude surveys

► Managers telling employees to work more quickly



Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 )

Your browser may not support display of this image. How the barriers of communication can be minimized or eliminated?

These barriers can be eliminated or minimized by increasing the readability of and clarity of written communication and by improving the quality of electronic devices and other communication devices. Use of appropriate wording is also very important. Motivation of the receiver, communicate feelings as well facts etc.

Question No: 36 ( Marks: 5 )

Your browser may not support display of this image. How “employee stock ownership program” positively influence employee motivation?

Employee stock ownership plans can be used to keep plan participants focused on company performance and share price appreciation. By giving plan participants an interest in seeing that the company's stock performs well, these plans are believed to encourage participants to do what's best for shareholders, since the participants themselves are shareholders.



Question No: 37 ( Marks: 5 )

Your browser may not support display of this image. What is difference between groupthink and groupshift?

Group Think: Tendency of the members of a group to yield to the desire for consensus or unanimity at the cost of considering alternative courses of action. Group-think is said to be the reason why intelligent and knowledgeable people make disastrous decisions.

Group Shift: When people are in groups, they make decision about risk differently from when they are alone. In the group, they are likely to make riskier decisions, as the shared risk makes the individual risk less

Question No: 1 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statements best describes the goals of Organizational Behavior?

► To understand the behaviors of people at work
► To appreciate the behavior of people at work
► To align behaviors according to the organizational goals
► To describe, understand, predict, and control human behavior at work

Question No: 2 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which one of the following is not considered as a part of organizational output?

► Finished goods
► Services
► Dividends
► Capital

Question No: 3 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Advertisements are directed at changing a person's:

► Attitude
► Value
► Ethics
► Custom

Question No: 4 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following lay the foundation for the understanding of attitudes and motivation because they influence our perceptions?

► Moods
► Behaviors
► Values
► Customs

Question No: 5 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The extent to which a society encourages people to be tough, confrontational, and competitive versus modest and tender is called:

► Assertiveness
► Future orientation
► Gender differentiation
► Power distance

Question No: 6 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
If you believe that outside forces are largely responsible for your fate, you are the person having:

► External Locus of control
► Personal Locus of control
► Internal Locus of control
► Core locus of control

Question No: 7 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Why is decision making a perceptual issue?

► Decision making is generally by consensus
► Decision making occurs as a reaction to a problem
► There may be more than one way to solve a problem
► For a decision, a problem must be perceived to exist

Question No: 8 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following statement is true regarding “intuitive decision making”?

► A logical process
► An unconscious process
► A satisficing process
► An effective process

Question No: 9 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which applicants are usually considered “best” by interviewers?

► Those with the best qualifications
► Those who lack any unfavorable characteristics
► Those who are verbally adept
► Those whose interview lasts the longest

Question No: 10 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Hassan derives a great sense of belongingness, acceptance and friendship from his relationships with his extended family. Which of Maslow’s needs is Hassan fulfilling through these relationships?

► Self-actualization
► Esteem
► Social
► Physiological

Question No: 11 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
A theory Y manager would assume that employees would ________________.

► Dislike work
► Need to be controlled
► Attempt to avoid work
► Exercise self direction

Question No: 12 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
What would be the predicted result of overpaying a piece-rate worker, according to equity theory?

► Quality will increase
► Quantity will increase
► Quality will decrease
► There will be no effect

Question No: 13 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is an example of a piece-rate plan?

► Stock options
► Rs20 for each unit produced
► Productivity bonus
► Commission

Question No: 14 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following helps to explain the current popularity of teams?

► Easy to manage
► Less expensive
► Use employee talents better
► Promote socialization

Question No: 15 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following best demonstrates the effectiveness of self-managed teams?

► An increase in the number of teams required to manufacture a product
► A reduction in the number of employees qualified to participate in the teams
► A significant reduction in response time for resolving customer concerns
► An increase in the technology budget for connecting team members

Question No: 16 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following teams are made up of employees from about the same hierarchical level?

► Problem-solving
► Self-managed
► Cross-functional
► Virtual

Question No: 17 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is likely to generate the least innovative alternatives?

► Face-to-face interacting groups
► Brainstorming
► Delphi technique
► Nominal group technique

Question No: 18 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
When manager marketing is communicating with the manager production, it is called:

► Upward communication
► Downward communication
► Lateral communication
► Vertical communication

Question No: 19 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is NOT a barrier to effective communication?

► Filtering
► Silence
► Language
► Selective perception

Question No: 20 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Receivers in communication see and hear based on their needs, motivations, experience, background, and other personal characteristics. This is called:
► Filtering
► Defensiveness
► Selective perception
► Selective selection

Question No: 21 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Messages conveyed through body movements and facial expressions are called:

► Non-verbals
► Physical characteristics
► Semantics
► Excitement

Question No: 22 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Productivity, job satisfaction and turnover are _______.
► Moderating variables
► Dependent variables
► Independent variables
► Continuous variables

Question No: 23 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Following a response by the termination or withdrawal of something unpleasant is called _________.

► Positive reinforcement
► Extinction
► Negative reinforcement
► Punishment

Question No: 24 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which emotions are the emotions an individual actually is experiencing, despite what they might apparently show?

► Felt
► Displayed
► Conditional
► Exposed

Question No: 25 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
In the following steps of rational decision making, which would come first?

► Generate alternatives
► Identify criteria
► Make a choice
► Implement the decision

Question No: 26 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is an advantage of oral communication?

► Permanent record of oral communication
► Accurate when passing through many people
► Chance for timely feedback
► More likely to be well thought out

Question No: 27 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
The oil company search for oil, refines and converts it into petrol and petroleum products. This statement shows which of the following component of an organization?
► People
► Technology
► Task
► Structure

Question No: 28 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
CEO of a computer manufacturing organization rewards his employees with computers, vacations or bonuses for meeting personal or organizational goal. He is practicing which of the following method of shaping behavior?

► Positive reinforcement
► Negative reinforcement
► Punishment
► Extinction

Question No: 29 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following is a common way for companies to encourage employees to behave ethically?




► Set examples of employees who behave unethically by terminating them
► Prosecute unethical employees
► Issue a code of ethics/conduct and train employees in the ethics of conducting business
► Administer annual ethics tests to employees

Question No: 30 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Job satisfaction and employee performance are positively related when:

► Pay is linked with attendance
► Non-participative techniques are used
► Rewards are valued by employees
► Employee turnover is high

Question No: 31 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Suppose you are a member of quality improvement team. Every member in your team gives usual suggestions regarding process improvements. But one of your team member suggests an innovative and totally new idea that is acknowledged by everyone. His idea is noticed because of which of the following external stimulus?

► Contrast
► Motion
► Novelty
► Intensity

Question No: 32 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Mr. Shahzad has been performing successfully at work for several months. He believes that he will get a pay raise if he maintains this high level of performance. This belief is an example of which of the following according to expectancy theory?

► Effort-performance
► Performance-benefit
► Performance-outcome
► Performance-valence

Question No: 33 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following determines requirements of organization conversion process?

► Machinery, computers and human skills
► Raw material and capital
► Finished products and services
► HR and information system

Question No: 34 ( Marks: 1 ) - Please choose one
Which of the following can be considered a method of social learning?

► Directories
► Purchase invoices
► TV commercial
► Work Manual

Question No: 35 ( Marks: 3 )
Explain the basics of leadership style.

Answer:-

Leading requires managers to tailor their leadership styles to suit differences in the attitudes and values of foreign workers. The challenge of managing a diverse workforce increases as organizations expand their operations internationally. There are several issues that arise in the international arena. First, managers must understand cultural differences to interact with workers and associates in foreign countries. Understanding the differences between national cultures is important in any attempt to manage behavior in global organizations to increase performance.




Question No: 36 ( Marks: 5 )
Social loafing is a threat to group effectiveness. How can a manager avoid social loafing?

Answer:-

Managers can reduce or eliminate social loafing by making individual contributions to a group identifiable so that individual performance can be evaluated and appropriate outcomes delivered. Group members can complete peer evaluations, or the level of group supervision can increase. When individual performance cannot be separated, managers can make each individual feel that contribution to the group is valuable. A manager can remind each member of unique contributions and indicate when group success or failure hinges on individual efforts. Managers can remind members that their selection
hinged on their unique contributions. Keeping the group as small as possible reduces social loafing. If process losses increase with group size, managers should reduce size by dividing the work into two groups. Group members will no longer perceive their efforts as unidentifiable or unnecessary





Question No: 37 ( Marks: 5 )
Discuss some of the errors in perceptual judgment made by interviewers in job interviews.

Answer:-
The following are the errors which can occur in perceptual judgment made by interviewers in job interviews.
• Stereotyping is judging someone on the basis of our perception of the group to which
he or she belongs
• Generalization is not without advantages. It is a means of simplifying a complex
world, and it permits us to maintain consistency. The problem, of course, is when we
Inaccurately stereotype.
• In organizations, we frequently hear comments that represent stereotypes based on
gender, age, race, ethnicity, and even weight
The halo effect occurs when we draw a general impression on the basis of a single
Characteristic:
a. This phenomenon frequently occurs when students appraise their classroom
instructor.
b. Students may give prominence to a single trait such as enthusiasm and
allow their entire evaluation to be tainted by how they judge the instructor
on that one trait.
Selective Perception
• Any characteristic that makes a person, object, or event stand out will increase the
probability that it will be perceived.
• It is impossible for us to assimilate everything we see only certain stimuli can be
taken in.